{"id":546967,"date":"2014-10-07T09:51:16","date_gmt":"2014-10-07T07:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/?page_id=546967"},"modified":"2017-07-26T09:13:35","modified_gmt":"2017-07-26T09:13:35","slug":"destruction-et-dynamitage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/chteau-historique\/destruction-et-dynamitage\/","title":{"rendered":"Destruction et Dynamitage"},"content":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Destruction de guerre en 1945 et dynamitage en 1950<\/h1>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]Le ch\u00e2teau de Berlin subit particuli\u00e8rement le 3 f\u00e9vrier 1945 d\u2019importants dommages suite aux lourds bombardements sur la ville. Il br\u00fbla quatre jours sans arr\u00eat. Cela fait d\u00e9j\u00e0 deux ans que les Berlinois s\u2019\u00e9taient r\u00e9sign\u00e9s \u00e0 ne pas gaspiller l\u2019eau pour toute alarme incendie puisque de toute fa\u00e7on les bombardiers remettaient \u00e7a le lendemain et annihilaient tous leurs efforts.<\/p>\n

Cependant il \u00e9tait moins atteint que le ch\u00e2teau de Charlottenburg par exemple. Les murs tenaient encore debout, certes l\u2019int\u00e9rieur avait br\u00fbl\u00e9, mais il \u00e9tait encore r\u00e9habilitable. Son dynamitage est un choix purement arbitraire :[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”549484″ img_size=”402×200″ alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Le centre de Berlin d\u00e9truit en 1945 avec le ch\u00e2teau et la cath\u00e9drale voisine<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”549482″ img_size=”409×261″ img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text]Ch\u00e2teau de Berlin en mai 1944 apr\u00e8s les premiers bombardements sur la fa\u00e7ade donnant sur le Lustgarten, l\u2019arsenal, aujourd\u2019hui mus\u00e9e d\u2019histoire allemande avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 presque enti\u00e8rement br\u00fbl\u00e9.[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”548920″ img_size=”409×261″ alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”549483″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]Les dirigeants de la RDA voulaient en terminer avec l\u2019histoire de la Prusse pour des raisons id\u00e9ologiques. Ainsi le ch\u00e2teau de Berlin, comme l\u2019\u00e9glise de la garnison et le ch\u00e2teau de Postdam ont \u00e9t\u00e9 sacrifi\u00e9s malgr\u00e9 la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une \u00e9ventuelle reconstruction. Cela a bien \u00e9t\u00e9 fait \u00e0 Charlottenburg, \u00e0 W\u00fcrzburg et dans d\u2019autres villes encore.<\/p>\n

\u201cLe centre de notre capitale, le Lustgarten et le site actuel du ch\u00e2teau en ruine vont devenir une grande place pour les manifestations.\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

(Walter Ulbricht, Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du SED en 1950)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”548671″ img_size=”262×260″ alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Portal IV, fa\u00e7ade donnant sur le Lustgarten, 1950<\/em><\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]\u201cTant que l\u2019on ne m\u2019emp\u00eachera pas de parler par la violence, je n\u2019arr\u00eaterai pas de protester contre cette d\u00e9cision et pas comme ressortissant de l\u2019ouest mais plut\u00f4t comme un fils de l\u2019est qui se sent intimement li\u00e9 \u00e0 Berlin et \u00e0 sa culture et qui s\u2019efforce de donner un contrepoids aux questions culturelles \u00e0 l\u2019est, en ce qui concerne les h\u00e9ritages artistiques de qualit\u00e9 comme le ch\u00e2teau de Berlin\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Pr. Dr. Richard Hamann, Doyen de la facult\u00e9 d\u2019Histoire de l\u2019art de l\u2019universit\u00e9 Humboldt est-berlinoise 1950)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cCompte tenu de l\u2019importance du ch\u00e2teau sur les plans artistique, historique, urbain et social \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle europ\u00e9enne, compte tenu de son r\u00f4le de t\u00e9moin architectural sur cinq si\u00e8cles, l\u2019acad\u00e9mie allemande des sciences rejette l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019une destruction planifi\u00e9e et d\u00e9finitive du ch\u00e2teau. L\u2019acad\u00e9mie intervient dans le cadre de ses comp\u00e9tences et de son devoir pour participer \u00e0 la protection des biens culturels du peuple allemand en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral et en particulier \u00e0 l\u2019entretien des monuments. Entre autres biens importants sous sa tutelle, le ch\u00e2teau de Berlin est l\u2019une de ses priorit\u00e9s.\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Professeur Johannes Stroux, Pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019acad\u00e9mie des sciences de Berlin Est, 1950)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cOn y reconna\u00eet les grandes formes classiques et elles en imposent aussi comme ruines. On devrait les sauver, reconstruire. Cependant \u00e0 Berlin on dynamite et on rase; le dynamitage du ch\u00e2teau de Berlin est un acte incompr\u00e9hensible de volont\u00e9 de destruction fanatique qui sera jug\u00e9 par l\u2019histoire comme insens\u00e9 et criminel.\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Professeur Ernst Gall, Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019administration bavaroise et prussienne des ch\u00e2teaux et jardins, 1950)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”548661″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text]Image de la cour de Schl\u00fcter en 1950 prise du vestibule de la salle d\u2019Elizabeth. Au-dessus du mur nord, la coupole de la cath\u00e9drale. [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548660″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Image de la cour de Schl\u00fcter en 1950 prise du vestibule de la salle d\u2019Elizabeth.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548871″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

9 Septembre 1950. Dynamitage de l\u2019aile au Sud-Ouest.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548867″ img_size=”large” onclick=”img_link_large”][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/2″][vc_column_text]La FDJ est d\u00e9tach\u00e9e au \u00ab travail volontaire de construction \u00bb.\u00a0 Encourag\u00e9s par les images d\u2019O. Grotewohl, de Staline et de W. Pieck pos\u00e9es devant la fontaine de Neptune devant le portail II, soutenus par la musique, on construisait dans un nouveau Berlin une place de manifestations\u00a0triste.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”2\/3″][vc_column_text]\u201cMy conscience is at peace. For the moment everyone is crying out, but once the Palace is gone, not one voice will be heard thereafter.\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Otto Grotewohl, Communist Party, Ministerpresident of the GDR, 1950)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cThe resulting formlessly spreading open space would have on it eastern edge (not even at its center) the cathedral as its only accent \u2013 that pseudotechtonic construction of misunderstood overblown pomp which has always disturbed the viewer and now, in its isolation, will be even more obtrusive. Do we really want this? Next to the towering cathedral dome, no building in the same avenue \u2013 only separated from it by the width of one street \u2013 can be erected that can somehow dominate the area. It will always be repressed by the cathedral.\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Ernst Gall, 1950)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cWe had the choice \u2013 the palace or the cathedral. If we had torn down the cathedral, then we would have provided the west with grist for the mill for years and they would have accused us of attacking the church. Therefore it was better to choose the Palace. We can deal with the art historians!\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Wilhelm Girnus, later State Secretary for Technical and Secondary Schooling in the German Democratic Republic, 1951)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”548659″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”548670″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

La partie transversale a disparu. Image de la cour de Schl\u00fcter en septembre 1950.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”548869″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Dynamitage de la fa\u00e7ade Sud. Les sentinelles n\u2019avaient pas entendu l\u2019alarme et reculent vite terrifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][vc_column width=”1\/3″][vc_single_image image=”548870″ img_size=”medium” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Dynamitage d\u2019une autre partie de la fa\u00e7ade Sud et du portail II.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u00a0\u201cWhoever has even a trace of feeling for architecture knows that one can never provide posterity with an idea of the gigantic breadth of such a work as this merely through the removal of isolated architectural elements.\u201d
\n<\/strong>(Kurt Reutti, journalist, 1950)[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548866″ img_size=”large” alignment=”center” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Dynamitage de l\u2019avant-corps lat\u00e9ral de Schl\u00fcter au Sud-Est.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548868″ img_size=”400×381″ alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Dynamitage de la cour de Schl\u00fcter.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548926″ img_size=”400×212″ alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”548620″ img_size=”400×212″ alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

voila ce qui resta en 1951 apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9limination du ch\u00e2teau : une grande place de manifestations triste. Ici il y avait un portail d\u2019Eosander avec la coupole.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]\u201cThe people in power in east Berlin perceive the fame of the Palace as a discordant note from a long past cult of nobility. This has irritated their sensitive eardrums and must now be hushed. They prefer to hear their own noises on the demonstration square which they have built on the site of the demolished Palace. Yet this bleak square will also one day become a monument, a monument to lack of respect, to narrow mindedness, and to spiritual poverty.\u201d
\n<\/strong>\u00a0(Prof. Ragnar Josephson, Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm, 1950)[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On special request we publish pictures of \u00a0the Ersamuskapelle of 1950, shortly before its demolition:[\/vc_column_text][vc_row_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”549142″ img_size=”large” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Vue de la chapelle prise de la cour de Schl\u00fcter<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=”549140″ img_size=”large” onclick=”img_link_large”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Les bombardements ont d\u00e9voil\u00e9 le caract\u00e8re gothique de la chapelle!<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=”1\/2″][vc_single_image image=”549141″ img_size=”full” alignment=”center” img_link_large=”yes”][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n

Partie de la voute ayant surv\u00e9cu aux bombardements.<\/p>\n

[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Destruction de guerre en 1945 et dynamitage en 195<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":550760,"menu_order":51,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-546967","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/546967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=546967"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/546967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":551029,"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/546967\/revisions\/551029"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/550760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/berliner-schloss.de\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=546967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}